| Pituitary gland hormones and their functions |
pituitary gland hormones and their functions pdf
Pituitary gland location
The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity
called sella tursica and is attached to
hypothalamus by a stalk.
The pituitary gland is divided into
It is divided anatomically into an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis.
Adenohypophysis parts
Adenohypophysis consists of two portions, pars distalis and pars intermedia.
Pars distalis hormones
The pars distalis region of pituitary, commonly called anterior pituitary, produces growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH),
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH),
luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH).
Pars intermedia of pituitary secretes
Pars intermedia secretes only one hormone called melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). However, in humans, the pars intermedia is almost merged with pars distalis.
Neurohypophysis hormones
Neurohypophysis (pars nervosa) also known as posterior pituitary, stores and releases two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin.
Where are the hormones of the neurohypophysis manufactured?
Hormones are actually synthesised by the hypothalamus and are transported axonally to neurohypophysis.
Gigantism results due to
Over-secretion of GH stimulates abnormal growth of the body leading to gigantism and low secretion of GH results in stunted growth resulting in pituitary dwarfism.
Acromegaly results from hyperactivity of what gland
Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults especially in middle age can result in severe disfigurement (especially of the face) called Acromegaly, which may lead to serious complications, and premature death if unchecked. The disease is hard to diagnose in the early stages and often goes undetected for many years, until changes in external features become noticeable.
Prolactin hormone function
Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them.
TSH hormones function
TSH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
ACTH hormones function
ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
LH and FSH produced by
LH and FSH stimulate gonadal activity and hence are called gonadotrophins.
LH in males
In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from testis.
FSH in males
In males, FSH and androgens regulate spermatogenesis.
LH in females
In females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature follicles (graafian follicles) and maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of the graafian follicles
If you are preparing for Meet exam than check out these plant diversity notes for neet
Posts
